何宇泽

LVM创建及管理

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1. LVM创建及管理

安装lvm

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yum install -y lvm

查看磁盘

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[root@template ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000beec6

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/vda2         2099200    20971519     9436160   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/vdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 8585 MB, 8585740288 bytes, 16769024 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 1073 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

初始化

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[root@template ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xda419f51.

Command (m for help): o
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x01d037f1.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): 
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-104857599, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-104857599, default 104857599): 
Using default value 104857599
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 50 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

将磁盘添加到LVM PV

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[root@template ~]# pvcreate /dev/vdb1
  Physical volume "/dev/vdb1" successfully created.

列出所有PV

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[root@template ~]# pvscan
  PV /dev/vda2   VG centos          lvm2 [<9.00 GiB / 0    free]
  PV /dev/vdb1                      lvm2 [<50.00 GiB]
  Total: 2 [<59.00 GiB] / in use: 1 [<9.00 GiB] / in no VG: 1 [<50.00 GiB]

显示pv更多信息

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[root@template ~]# pvdisplay /dev/vdb1
  "/dev/vdb1" is a new physical volume of "<50.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/vdb1
  VG Name               
  PV Size               <50.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               4kmSEn-kBZG-vMJc-T03x-aWfO-dEes-5prCUL

创建卷组：使用尽可能多的PV来创建VG

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[root@template ~]# vgcreate share /dev/vdb1
  Volume group "share" successfully created

列出所有VG

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[root@template ~]# vgscan
  Reading volume groups from cache.
  Found volume group "share" using metadata type lvm2
  Found volume group "centos" using metadata type lvm2

显示vg更多信息

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[root@template ~]# vgdisplay share
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               share
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  1
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <50.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              12799
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0   
  Free  PE / Size       12799 / <50.00 GiB
  VG UUID               t9gVEp-02O6-IK40-oNxs-fdFC-nuA3-Y5NgNU

创建逻辑卷：使用VG创建任意数量的LV

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[root@template ~]# lvcreate --size 49G --name vg_data share
  Logical volume "vg_data" created.

列出所有LV

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[root@template ~]# lvscan
  ACTIVE            '/dev/share/vg_data' [49.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/centos/swap' [1.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/centos/root' [<8.00 GiB] inherit

格式化

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[root@template ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/share/vg_data
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
3211264 inodes, 12845056 blocks
642252 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2162163712
392 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
	4096000, 7962624, 11239424

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

创建需要挂载到的目录

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[root@template ~]# mkdir -p /data

挂载

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[root@template ~]# mount /dev/mapper/share-vg_data /data

查看

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[root@template ~]# df -h
Filesystem                 Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                   5.7G     0  5.7G   0% /dev
tmpfs                      5.7G     0  5.7G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                      5.7G  8.6M  5.7G   1% /run
tmpfs                      5.7G     0  5.7G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root    8.0G  1.8G  6.3G  22% /
/dev/vda1                 1014M  231M  784M  23% /boot
tmpfs                      1.2G     0  1.2G   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/share-vg_data   49G   53M   46G   1% /data

开机自动挂载

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[root@template ~]# vim /etc/fstab

/dev/mapper/share-vg_data  /data               ext4     defaults        0 0

增加100G到/data

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[root@vmhost2 ~]# lvextend --size +500G --resizefs /dev/mapper/VGsdb1T-vm_main
  Size of logical volume VGsdb1T/vm_main changed from 400.00 GiB (102400 extents) to 900.00 GiB (230400 extents).
  Logical volume VGsdb1T/vm_main successfully resized.
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/VGsdb1T-vm_main is mounted on /data; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 50, new_desc_blocks = 113
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/VGsdb1T-vm_main is now 235929600 blocks long.

查看

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df -h

删除卷组VG

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[root@vmhost2 ~]# vgs
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize    VFree   
  centos   1   2   0 wz--n-   <9.00g       0 
  datavg   1   1   0 wz--n- <100.00g       0 
  share    1   0   0 wz--n- <100.00g <100.00g


[root@vmhost2 ~]# vgremove share
  Volume group "share" successfully removed
  
[root@vmhost2 ~]# vgs
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize    VFree
  centos   1   2   0 wz--n-   <9.00g    0 
  datavg   1   1   0 wz--n- <100.00g    0

参数详情中文版

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[root@VMhost4 yum.repos.d]# fdisk /dev/sdb

欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1)。
更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。

设备不包含可识别的分区表。
创建了一个磁盘标识符为 0xc4b0420b 的新 DOS 磁盘标签。

命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：m

帮助：

  DOS (MBR)
   a   开关 可启动 标志
   b   编辑嵌套的 BSD 磁盘标签
   c   开关 dos 兼容性标志

  常规
   d   删除分区
   F   列出未分区的空闲区
   l   列出已知分区类型
   n   添加新分区
   p   打印分区表
   t   更改分区类型
   v   检查分区表
   i   打印某个分区的相关信息

  杂项
   m   打印此菜单
   u   更改 显示/记录 单位
   x   更多功能(仅限专业人员)

  脚本
   I   从 sfdisk 脚本文件加载磁盘布局
   O   将磁盘布局转储为 sfdisk 脚本文件

  保存并退出
   w   将分区表写入磁盘并退出
   q   退出而不保存更改

  新建空磁盘标签
   g   新建一份 GPT 分区表
   G   新建一份空 GPT (IRIX) 分区表
   o   新建一份的空 DOS 分区表
   s   新建一份空 Sun 分区表


Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码)：L

 0  空              24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / 旧 Linu bf  Solaris        
 1  FAT12           27  隐藏的 NTFS Win 82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 2  XENIX root      39  Plan 9          83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 3  XENIX usr       3c  PartitionMagic  84  OS/2 隐藏 或 In c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 4  FAT16 <32M      40  Venix 80286     85  Linux 扩展      c7  Syrinx         
 5  扩展            41  PPC PReP Boot   86  NTFS 卷集       da  非文件系统数据 
 6  FAT16           42  SFS             87  NTFS 卷集       db  CP/M / CTOS / .
 7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d  QNX4.x          88  Linux 纯文本    de  Dell 工具      
 8  AIX             4e  QNX4.x 第2部分  8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt         
 9  AIX 可启动      4f  QNX4.x 第3部分  93  Amoeba          e1  DOS 访问       
 a  OS/2 启动管理器 50  OnTrack DM      94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O        
 b  W95 FAT32       51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor      
 c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52  CP/M            a0  IBM Thinkpad 休 ea  Rufus 对齐     
 e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a5  FreeBSD         eb  BeOS fs        
 f  W95 扩展 (LBA)  54  OnTrackDM6      a6  OpenBSD         ee  GPT            
10  OPUS            55  EZ-Drive        a7  NeXTSTEP        ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
11  隐藏的 FAT12    56  Golden Bow      a8  Darwin UFS      f0  Linux/PA-RISC  
12  Compaq 诊断     5c  Priam Edisk     a9  NetBSD          f1  SpeedStor      
14  隐藏的 FAT16 <3 61  SpeedStor       ab  Darwin 启动     f4  SpeedStor      
16  隐藏的 FAT16    63  GNU HURD 或 Sys af  HFS / HFS+      f2  DOS 次要       
17  隐藏的 HPFS/NTF 64  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fb  VMware VMFS    
18  AST 智能睡眠    65  Novell Netware  b8  BSDI swap       fc  VMware VMKCORE 
1b  隐藏的 W95 FAT3 70  DiskSecure 多启 bb  Boot Wizard 隐  fd  Linux raid 自动
1c  隐藏的 W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           bc  Acronis FAT32 L fe  LANstep        
1e  隐藏的 W95 FAT1 80  旧 Minix        be  Solaris 启动    ff  BBT
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